Digital Imaging /
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Scanning
Slides
Over-sampling to reduce electronic noise 1x, 2x, 4x, 8x or 16x. If you are scanning a slide with a
significant amount of dark areas, when the scanning sensor passes over these
areas, (because the signals received are so weak compared to a brighter area)
electronic noise becomes more of a factor.
If your slide has modest amounts of dark areas you can get away with
scanning at 1x. Examine the dark areas
of this 1x scan. If there are a lot of
white specks in the dark areas, just rescan at 8x or 16x to average the noise
out of the scan. By using an average value, electronic noise is greatly
reduced. If you follow this practice,
you can save a great deal of time because scanning at 1x is much faster than
the other settings.
Sharpening your images. Photoshop’s
FilteràSharpenàUnsharp
Mask it the tool which gives you the most control over your sharpening. Based on testing I’ve performed, images
appear sharper if the sharpening is done after you have resized your image for
printing. The unsharp mask process does
not really increase the sharpness of your image, it just fools the
viewer’s eyes by increasing contrast along edges.. It does this by inserting light colored
pixels along dark edges and dark pixels along light edges. In the Unsharp Mask dialog box are three
values which control different aspects of the sharpening process.
Ø The first value is express as a percentage but what this
value really controls is the brightness
of the inserted “contrast” pixels.
Ø The next value is radius.
This controls the distance from the edge that “contrast”
pixels will be inserted
Ø The last value is Threshold.
If the difference in brightness (color value) between an edge and
it’s background is not more than the amount you specify in the threshold
value, then that edge won’t be sharpened
Where you gain more control with Unsharp mask is that you can
preview the effects of the sharpening before you actually run the filter. In the dialog box there is a preview
window. If you click and hold the mouse
button down when your cursor is inside the preview window you can see the
“before” version of your image.
When you release the button you see the effect after sharpening. You can also move your cursor over different
areas in your image and if you click on any given area, that area will be moved
into the preview window.
Layer Visibility
If you’d like to turn off the visibility of a
bunch a layers at once in Photoshop just position the cursor in the eyeball
section of the layers palette and click and drag the cursor vertically.
Go to the Digital Printing presentation
notes
To add a faded border to your
image or print do the following:
1. Select the marquee tool and in the option bar set the feathering option to
10
2. Select the most of the image leaving about a half inch outside your
selection at the edge of the frame
3. Press Ctrl-Shift-I to select the inverse (outside the marquee selection)
4. Choose Filter->Blur->Gaussian, enter 30 and click ok
5. click on the new layer Icon in the layers palette
6. Press D to reset the foreground and background colors to Black and White
7. Press Ctrl-Backspace to fill the new layer with white
8. Lastly go to the layers palette and drag the white filled layer to the
bottom of your layer stack.
Controlling Filter
effects - Immediately after you apply a filter
you can use the Edit->Fade command to modify the opacity as well as the
blend mode associated with the last performed filter effect. This adds an
unparallel degree of control over filter and image interaction.
Retaining steps in the
History Palette -
As you know when you go back to a certain state in the History Palette all
subsequent steps beyond your chosen state are grayed out to signify that they
will be lost if you perform any operation (at that point). If you'd like to
change this you can click on the right facing triangle in the History Palette
to bring up the pop up / palette menu, then choose "Non-linear
History". This will allow you to go back in time and just change one step
without losing the subsequent steps.
Random
Tips
- Do you wish the crop tool
in Photoshop would allow more
visibility of and beneath the cropping shield?
Just select the crop tool and drag out a cropping area, but don't press
Enter. Look up in the option bar (which has now changed from its
normal state). If you click on the black square, the color picker box
comes up and you can choose a more visible color than black, say light
green or cyan. While you're up there in the Option Bar, click on the
Opacity setting and drag it down to 50%. Now you can see beneath the
cropping shield and there is no mistake about where the cropping shield
begins and ends.
- Have you ever made some
image adjustments then done some extensive painting, erasing or cloning
then wished you could go back in the history palette and start over just
before the extensive brush work took place? I've been disappointed many
times only to find that all 20 history states contain tool strokes. All I
could do was click on the opening state of the image and start over. There
is a very easy way around this limitation. Just before you begin any
extensive tool work, click on the little camera icon at the bottom of the
history palette. This will produce a
snapshot of the current state of your image without
having to save the composite to disc. You can also increase the default number of history states
from 20 up to 100 by pressing Ctrl-K then putting in a number and clicking
OK. This is very memory intensive so choosing 100 may not always be the
right choice to make. Choosing too high a number could result in an overal
performance slow down when Photoshop struggles to hold all the history
states in RAM and finally ends up writing information to a scratch disc on
your hard drive (which is much slower to write out and read in than from
RAM).
- Want to add a black or colorful border to your image? Using the color picker
(double click on the foreground color to bring up the color picker dialog
box), choose your color and click OK. Now press the X key to exchange the
foreground color which you just picked with the background color. Next,
choose Image-->Canvas Size and add a 1/4 inch to the height and width
(remember to check the relative box in PS 7) and click OK. Your image will
now have a border in the color you chose.
Tip deJour
- When I first started learning
Photoshop I was very intimidated by the complex interface. I wish I had
been given (or paid more attention to) a guide to the more important parts
of interface (especially the Layers Palette). To that end I have created a
downloadable annotated image file which you can print on standard paper. It
describes many important terms like Pop up or
Palette menu, Command Menu, Option bar, Palette, Icon, Thumbnail, Layer
mask, Adjustment layer, and Tools
palette. Take 5 minutes and find these and a several other
terms in the download file. I've found that once you remove the mystery
associated with the preceding terms it will make your learning much easier
later on. To Download the file click here--> Download Now
(this might take a minute)
- Below are a number of informative links
to Photoshop tutorials or other aspects of digital imaging. Click on the
descriptions below to visit these sites:
o
Tutorial - http://www.adobe.com/products/tips/photoshop.html
o
Tutorial - http://www.designsbymark.com/index.html
o
Tutorial - http://www.planetphotoshop.com/alback.html
o
Tutorial - http://www.graphic-design.com/Photoshop/
o
Tutorial - http://www.photoshopcafe.com/tut_misc.htm
o
Tutorial - http://www.cbtcafe.com/photoshop/index.htm
o
Tips & Tutorials - http://www.arraich.com/intro.htm
o
Tutorial - http://www.digital-foundry.com/index_photoshop.html
o
Color management - http://www.profilecity.com/
o
Fonts - http://www.1001freefonts.com/ofonts.htm
o
Photoshop Tips -
http://showcase.netins.net/web/wolf359/linkotip.htm
o
Keyboard Shortcuts
- http://www.thunderlizard.com/handouts/ps_table.html
o
Also see our
site's Links page
Below is a link to an excellent article which compares images
made with digital cameras to images made by scanning 4x5, 6x7 and 35mm slides.
This link was borrowed from Mark & Lisa Graf's site. Hope you enjoy it.
http://www.users.qwest.net/~rnclark/scandetail.htm
In Photoshop to hide all the layers
but one, Alt-click
on the eyeball (down in the layers palette) of the layer you want to remain
visible. To make all the other layers visible simply Alt-Click on the eyeball
again.
Free Transform Keyboard
controls - Have you ever been frustrated by
Adobe Photoshop's title of this menu choice? What do they mean Free? The #!$@
box won't let me do anything but rotate or change the size. The trick to
tweaking the transform bounding box are the keyboard "modifiers"
which need to be pressed in conjunction with mouse drags. Here they are:
- Shift = resize maintaining proportion.
- Alt = resize from the center.
- Click on a point in the Reference Point Location
Icon in the Options Bar to set the place from which the transformation
will occur.
- Ctrl-Click on a corner -Drag allows you to
distort the shape
- Ctrl-Click on a side - allows you to distort but
keeps the opposite side frozen allowing you to skew the shape
- Ctrl-Alt-Click a corner - Drag = pin the
adjacent two corners and allows you to stretch or move the other corners.
- Ctrl-Alt-Click a side - Drag = revolve the shape
by pinning the opposing side.
- Shift-Ctrl-Alt-Click-Drag = change the
perspective.
More
Photoshop tips
- If you want to see a layer mask as an overlay
(so you can more easily edit it), click on the mask to make it active (in
the layers palette) then press the "\" key. (NOT THE
"/" key, press the key with the | over it [just above the enter
or return key]). To temporarily deactivate the mask, Shift-Click on the
mask icon in the layers palette. Shift-Click again to toggle back to the
active mask state. If you want to view only the mask Alt click on the
layer mask thumbnail in the layers palette. To return to viewing the image
click on the eye ball in the layer's palette for the active layer.
- Did you know that when you are loading a saved selection you can add,
subtract or intersect with an existing selection? These
options are in the Load Selection dialog box
- Have you ever used the background eraser tool for
making a selection. It can be very handy for selecting foreground images
where there is a significant difference in the color or brightness between
the foreground and background. So if you have leaves on a tree and the sky
in the background is light blue or white you can easily extract the
foreground by:
- Make
a duplicate copy of your image by dragging the background layer thumbnail
down to the new layer icon in the layers palette (the icon to the left of
the little garbage can).
- Click
on the new layer if it is not already active
- Pick
the background eraser tool from the tools palette (it's under the regular
eraser tool).
- Make
the following setting changes, tolerance-30, un-check the contiguous box,
set the sampling
mode to continuos
- Oh, I forgot to tell you to
click on the color sample tool in the tool palette and select the 3x3
sample (as opposed to either point or 5x5 sampling). This sampling
controls how the background eraser tool will sample the background.
- While you have the sampling
tool selected, click on a color which is representative of the
foreground.
- Returning to the background
eraser tool, click the box which says "Protect Foreground
Color".
- Now you're all set to use the
tool. Simply increase the size of the tool with the ] key and begin
clicking and dragging the background
eraser tool in
the background area. The colors sampled under the crosshairs at the
center of this tool will be erased, out to the perimeter of the tool. So
long as there is a distinct difference in terms of color and brightness
between the foreground and background, you should end up with a nice
selection of the foreground once the entire background is erased.
Controlling
Filter effects - In Photoshop if you want
to see the before and after effects of a
filter without using the history palette, in the filter dialog box with the
preview image, click on the image. When the mouse button is down the filter is
off. When the button is up the filter is applied.
Removing
Red Eye with Photoshop
I got this one from an article in Popular Photography.
Open the image, zoom in with the zoom tool or by pressing Ctrl+. Press B to
select the Brush Tool. Select a brush and press the right [ key to make it
really small (I find that a 1 pixel diameter gives me the best control. Set the
blend mode of the brush to Saturate (which is really de-saturate). Now just
paint over the red pixels in the iris of your subject. It kinda magical. There
were a few more steps in their article but I found that this was all I needed
to correct the red eyes I've encountered so far. They also suggested that you
could make green eyes greener, blue eyes bluer etc. by picking a color and painting
over your subject's iris.
Would you like to add a drop shadow to an
image? (Why?) 'cuz they're pretty that way!
Open
the image in Photoshop. Press Ctrl-A to select all. Choose Select>Save
Selection, type in "picture" and click ok. Now pick the eyedropper
tool and click on the white color in the color picker pallet to set your
background color to white. Now choose Image-Canvas Size and in the dialog box,
add a half inch or so to each side then click ok. Double click on the
background image icon in the layers palette and convert it to an editable layer
(make it layer zero). Next, choose Select->Load Selection, find the
"picture" selection and click ok. With the selection around your
original picture press Ctrl-J to copy the selection to it's own new layer. In
the layers palette, click on the little f inside a circle icon at the bottom
left and check"Drop Shadow". Fool around with the settings until
you're happy (set opacity so that it is around 30 the shadow should just be
visible) then click ok. Ta da!. You're done. (OK you could flatten the image
and save it, choose Layer->Flatten.)
Would you like to emphasize a foreground element of an image? Here
are a few ideas.
- Idea 1 Desaturate
the background, Duplicate the image by dragging the
background layer to the new layer's Icon in the Layer's palette (the icon
left of the trash can). Using the selection tools of your choice select
the foreground element e.g. a flower against a background of pebbles.
Press Ctrl-Shift-I to select the inverse of the foreground element. Use
the Edit-->Clear command to erase the background. Click on the original
background layer. If it is not editable double click on it to change it to
layer 0 (this makes it editable). Now click on the Adjustment Layer
icon in the Layer's palette (the half dark half light circle one). Select Hue and Saturation.
In the dialog box pull the Saturation slider to the left until you're
happy with the effect.
- Idea 2 Blur the background, same steps as above up
until you get to the italics. Now choose Filter-->Blur-->Gaussian.
In the dialog box move the pixel slider and watch the effect on your
background. Once you're happy click Ok.
- Idea 3 Tint the
background, same steps as Idea 1 including the italics.
Now click on the new layer icon. Make sure this layer is between the layer
with the foreground element and the desaturated background by dragging the
new layer icon in the layers palette to the correct position above the
background layer. Now click on the color picker palette and pick a color
you like. Press Alt-Backspace to fill the new layer with the color you
selected. Click on the opacity slider in the layers palette for this color
layer and adjust it down to a setting you like. This will tint the
background layer with the color you chose and leave the foreground layer
alone.
-
Making Infrared and Black and
White images from your color slides. Take me
there
More
Photoshop Goodies:
- Photoshop can do the math for you when straightening an
image. Select
the measure tool, draw a horizontal or vertical line as it should appear
in the image. Then Image-->Rotate-->Arbitrary, Photoshop has already
calculated the amount of rotation to straighten your image so click on OK.
- Remember when Keith Matz ran his program on Polaroid emulsion
removal and
mounting it on card stock? There is a very nicely explained tutorial on
how you can simulate this in Photoshop with any of your existing images.
The link is: http://www.evening.demon.co.uk/tutorials/emulsion.pdf.
Have fun!
- If you are printing your work you need about 240 dpi
(dots per inch) for adequate printing resolution. If you are printing an 8
x 10, you will need an image size of 1,920 pixels by 2,400 pixels. This
works out to a file size of about 13.2 megs (1,920 x 2,400 x 3 [colors
red, green & blue] divided by 1,048,576 [bytes to megabytes conversion
factor 2^20]). To get a file this size from a digital camera without
having to have software "invent" pixels you would need a 4.4
megapixel camera (13.2 megs divided by 3 colors).
- What scanning
resolution does your scanner need to produce a print? If you are going to scan a
slide to produce an 8x10 your scanner would need to scan at 2,032 ppi
(pixels per inch). This is determined by taking the 1,920 pixels from
above, dividing that by the width of a 35mm slide which is 24mm and
multiplying times the millimeters to inches conversion factor of 25.4.
- How big of a
print can you make from a scanned slide if you intend to print at 240 dpi and your
scanner can scan at 4000 ppi and you don't want any interpolation between
or invention of pixels? The formula is: scanner ppi x (scanning distance
in mm / 25.4) / printer output dpi. So in the example above 4000 x (24 /
25.4) / 240 = 15.75 inches. The long side would be 4000 x (35 / 25.4) /
240 = 22.97 inches. So you could print about 15.75" x 22.97".
Actual sizes would be a little smaller due to cropping at the time of
scanning.
- How much data is
in a 4000 ppi scan of a 35mm slide? The answer is (35mm x 4000 / 25.4)x(24mm x 4000 /
25.4) x 3 colors / 1,048,576 = 59.6 megabytes. Usually with cropping, the
file sizes end up at 51 to 53 megs.
- What size
digital camera would you need in megapixels to equal the same amount of raw data
you can get from a scanned 35mm slide? You can determine this as follows:
- (effective mm scanning width
x scanner ppi / 25.4) x (effective mm scanning height x scanner ppi /
25.4) / 1,048,576,
- this can be shortened to:
width x height x scanner ppi squared / 676,499,292. So for example, if
you have a 4000 ppi scanner, the equivalent sized digital camera would
have to be 17.2 megapixels (22 x 33 x 1,600,000 / 676,499,292)
- Want to know more keyboard short cuts than you can possibly get your
mind around? Check out Deke's tips at the following site: http://www.thunderlizard.com/handouts/ps_table.html
- Did you know that you can reduce the amount of electronic noise that
your scanner produces by resampling the image several times? If you
perform a 4 times resampling, the same pixel value will be read by your
scanner 4 times then the average of all of the readings is used to
determine the final pixel value. While I have not been able to detect much
of a difference between 4x and 16x sampling, there is a noticeable
reduction of noise between 4x and 1x. This resampling allows you to get
the same effect (only much easier) as tip number four from the 9/03/02
listing below.
- Fast Blending Modes - If you would like
to quickly cycle through the blending modes for a given layer (assuming
you have at least 2 layers in your image), all you do is make the layer
active (click on the layer thumbnail icon in the layers palette) then
simply press SHIFT - or SHIFT + to scroll up or down the blend modes. As
the blend mode changes you will see the effects on your image.
- If you would like graphically adjust the size
of your text font you can scroll thru the different font sizes by
highlighting your text (with the text tool selected),then press Ctrl -
Shift - > or Ctrl - Shift - <.(don't type the - signs)
- Adjusting multiple digital camera
images quickly:
- If you have a number of images from a digital camera
which were shot in the same light you can very quickly make curve or any
other adjustments to all of them by:
a. Opening the first image and make your adjustments using adjustment
layers.
b. Open your other image(s)
c. Click and drag on an adjustment layer from your first image. Drag and
drop the layer onto your newly open image and all the adjustments from the
first image will be implemented in your other image.
d. Repeat step c for all the rest of your images.
- Stubborn Photoshop - I ran into yet another quirk where
Photoshop would not let me edit and image. I had applied a layer style to
a vector shape. Somehow Photoshop (or I unknowingly) created a layer mask
to go with the style layer. When I tried to paint on the image I was
greeted with "Image is not directly editable". It took me about
20 minutes to figure out why I couldn't edit the image. I finally made a
new layer, re-applied the style and deleted the old troublesome layer.
Another Batch of Photoshop Tips:
- Painting
with Style - Did you know that you can paint
using a Style from the styles box? After you select the paint brush tool,
you just click on a style you like and paint away. You can create some
nifty freeform text.
- Painting
in straight lines - You can create straight lines with your brush. Just click
on an area with your brush then move the brush to another area. Now Shift-Click
and Photoshop will draw a straight line connecting the two points.
- There are
many keyboard shortcuts for getting things done quickly
in Photoshop. Here are a few: B = Brush tool, V = Move, P = Pen, R = Blur,
Z = Zoom, W = Magic Wand, T = Text, I = eye dropper, H = Hand, L = Lasso,
M = Marquee, G = Gradient Tool, S=Stamp or Clone Tool, Y=HistorY Brush. If
you hold down the SHIFT key while pressing the letters above, you will get
Photoshop to scroll through the tools under tools palette icon. For example,
SHIFT-M = Rectangle Marquee tool, SHIFT-M again = Elliptical Marquee tool.
- Improve
your digital camera images - You can average out the noise from your digital capture
camera by taking 4 or more images of the same subject from the same
position with the same lighting. Open all the images inside Photoshop then
press V (to select the Move Tool), hold the SHIFT key and drag images 1, 2
& 3 onto image 4. Click on each layer and reduce opacity to 1 divided
by the number of images, in this case 25%.
- More about adjustment layers - Did you know that
you can restrict the effect of your adjustment layers by painting with
black in the layer mask which is created by Photoshop at the same time the
Adjustment layer is created. Just double-click on the layer mask thumbnail
to the right of your adjustment layer in the layers palette, Click OK in
the pop up dialog box and start painting. You will see your masked areas
both on the screen and on the mask pane to the right of the Adjustment
Layer. To better view the layer mask press the "\" key (the one
above the enter/return key)
- Fast Brush size changes- You can quickly
increase or decrease the size of your brush by pressing the ] key and the
[ key respectively.
- For fast zooming, press Ctrl +.
Press Ctrl - to zoom out.
Yet Another:
- Font
Selection Magic - Do you find it annoying that you can't see what the font
looks like before you have to select it, commit it, then do it all over
again if you don't like the font? Adobe seems to hide the shortcuts.
Anyway if you carefully follow these steps you can see the font by just
scrolling down the list:
- Select the text tool, type your text, click on the check
icon in the option bar (towards the right) or press Ctrl-Enter or if you
have a numeric keypad press Enter on that keypad,
- Using the mouse, click and drag across the text to select
it (text should be highlighted),
- Press Ctrl-H to hide the highlight so you can see the text
better,
- Click [ONLY CLICK ONCE] inside the font box in the option
bar,
- Now use the up arrow and down arrow keys to select fonts
and you can see what they look like on the screen. Cool huh?
- Image Friendly Adjustments - If you are color
correcting your images or making saturation or levels adjustments, if you
perform these operations on your image, some of the original image data
will be lost. Moreover, if you find that more adjustments are necessary
you can't start over unless you go back through the history palette. Also,
you won't have a record of the changes you made to your image. Creating
adjustment layers is the best way around these limitations. Just go to
Layers-->New Adjustment Layer and select the type of adjustment you
want to make. The new layer(s) will save all the settings for easy
subsequent adjustments and your original image data will not be destroyed.
- Selections - For anyone
starting out new in Photoshop, selections are the name of the game (if you
are trying to work with individual image elements). There are many, many
selection tips and tools. The most valuable tips which I've learned are:
- You can add to any
selection by pressing and holding the SHIFT key while
making another selection.
- You can subtract from any selection by holding
down the ALT key and making another selection.
- If you forget to press down
the SHIFT or ALT keys and the marching ants disappear, your work is not
lost. Just click on the History Palette (if it's not already visible,
click on it and pull the right hand slider all the way down) Now click on
the step just before the last step and you will be back to where you were
before you lost the selection. Ctrl-Z (undo) is probably the faster way
to do this.
- When using the tips above, you
can quickly zoom in on your selection edge by pressing Ctrl +. To zoom
out press Ctrl -.
- You can also hold the space
bar down to make the hand symbol appear then you can drag the image
around while you work on the selection.
- The Lasso, marquee and magic
(tragic) wand selection tools are kinda limited. For better selections
try using the Quickmask mode. Just press the Q key (your screen may change colors).
Then you can use paintbrush and other tools to refine your selection.
Basically what ever you paint on, will not be selected when you return to
the regular image editing view. If you would prefer to select the things
you paint over, when you get back to the regular (Standard) mode just use
the Select-->Inverse command to reverse the selection. Once you're
done painting / selecting in the Quickmask Mode press the Q key again and you're back to
the Standard Mode and your selection has those nice marching ants around
it .
The Tips Just Keep on Coming!
- Screen Tips -
- Tired of having
to adjust the size of your image window to get it big enough to fill the
screen? Try Ctrl-Zero to make it instantly fit.
- Want to see the
size of your image as it will appear if you print it (100%)? Try
Ctrl-Alt-Zero
- Did you know
that images appear on the web at 72 dpi? So if you save an image at 144
dpi and load it onto the Web what will happen? Your picture will become
twice as large and it will take 4 times longer to load than the same
image at 72 dpi.
- Memory - Did you know that when working with multiple layers and
many history states (levels of undo) your computer's RAM can be used up.
When this happens Photoshop creates and uses a special file called a
scratch disc to hold the overflow information. This can slow down
performance while using Photoshop. There are a variety of solutions. You
can merge some of the layers, reduce the number of steps in history or my
favorite, go buy more memory
- Copyright Symbol - To create a © symbol in
Photoshop, use the text tool and while holding the Alt key, type 0169 [you
must use the numeric key pad numbers for this to work], then release the
Alt key.
- Need more Space? - To resize your canvas quickly (and
graphically) click on the Crop Tool, outline your image by dragging, then
after you release the mouse button, click on and pull the sides of the
Crop bounding box so that each side is pulled outside of your image. Press
enter and whalla! your image will be on larger canvas. You can also use
the Image-->Canvas command but this is a bit slower.
- Want to start a new image? Press Ctrl-N. Pretty quick huh?
- Move text fast - After you type text using the text
tool, you can move it without selecting the move tool, just move the
cursor away from the type and you will see the cursor change to the move
tool. Now click and drag your type as you please.
- Stubborn Tools - Have you ever gotten an annoying
or confusing message or no message at all, but the tool you have selected
won't work? There could be a number of causes. For example:
- Your tool may
not work with a 16 bit image. Solution, under Image-->Mode select 8
bits per Channel to convert to 8 bits.
- Probably the
most common problem is that you are trying to edit the background
layer. This layer is automatically locked by Photoshop but it is very
easy to get around this. Simply double click on the background layer in
the layers palette. When the dialog box comes up you can enter a name or
just click ok and the background layer is converted to a regular unlocked
editable layer.
- Your selection
could still be active and you are trying to use a tool outside of the
selection. Solution - Press Ctrl-D to deselect, then try your tool again.
- You are trying
to do something on one layer but your active layer is a different layer.
To get around this go to the layers palette and click on the layer that
you would like to work on.
- You are trying
to do something after using the Text tool or the Free Transform command
but nothing seems to work. Solution - Press Ctrl-Enter or click on the
check mark in the options bar over towards the right side of the screen
or press the Enter key located on your numeric keypad. This tells
Photoshop that you are done with the Text tool or the Free Transform
command.
- You are trying
to perform bitmapped procedures on a vector shape or text layer. A bit
mapped image is one that describes one or more attributes for every pixel
within an image. For example RGB images are composed of 3 color values
(Red, Green & Blue). The values range from 0 to 255 in the 8 bit
mode. Unlike a bitmapped image, a vector image is a mathematical
description of a shape. Consequently, areas outside the shape are not
accounted for. This has a number of implications such as the amount of
memory needed to render a bitmapped image is much greater than a vector
image because bitmaps have to describe every last pixel. The vector shape
image only describes the shape outline and possibly the fill content. One
of the implications is that you can't use painting tools (bitmapped) on a
vector image (shape or text). This can be very frustrating because if
seems like a $600 program should just figure out what you want it to do
and provide a means to get there. Unfortunately this is not the case. You
will have to remember that text and shapes can only be operated on with
text tools for text and the pen and direct selection tools in the case of
shape layers. Most of the other tools function in bitmapped images
- You are trying
to edit a gif image but you can't get the color to change. The reason for
this is the image is in the Indexed Color mode which, in order to reduce
file size, this mode restricts the number of colors allowed to be used in
the image. To freely add colors choose Image-->Mode-->RGB. When
you're done editing in the RGB mode you can change it back to the indexed
mode by choosing Image-->Mode-->Indexed Color
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